Hellenic Republic (Greece) - Communist Party of Greece. The bloc of democratic-industrialized countries within the American sphere of influence, the "First World," also known as The West. 1019-XII , Constitution of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Constitution of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Constitution of the German Democratic Republic, "The Manifesto of the New Jewel Movement", Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic, "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications", "Madagascar: 1975 Constitutional referendum", Constitution of the Mongolian People's Republic, Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland, Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, "Walter Duranty Explains Changes In Soviet Constitution", Constitution of the Somali Democratic Republic, A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples, Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, Constitution of the Republic of Equatorial Guineaa, Constitution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, "Insoumission civile et dfaillance tatique: les contradictions du processus dmocratique malien", Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan, "Central America and Caribbean: Nicaragua Government", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_socialist_states&oldid=1140856853. Instead,they developed new, African versions of socialism that supported some traditional structures while proclaiming that their societies were - and always had been - classless. . How Socialism Destroyed Africa. Capitalist Countries in the World. Map Color Scheme: Democratic socialism describes a socialist economy where production and wealth are collectively owned, but the country has a democratic system of government. African societies place emphasis on the role of the community, and as such, socialism was deemed a natural alignment with this. Cuba is the only country in the western hemisphere that practices socialist ideologies. The intellectual roots of socialism go back at least as far as ancient Greek times, when the philosopher Plato depicted a type of collective society in his dialog, Republic (360 B.C.). In 1961, the newspaper The Ghanaian Times published an account from Frunze (today: Bishkek), the capital of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Savage, 1961).Its author, Ghanaian journalist JNK Savage, accompanied Ghana's president Kwame Nkrumah, one of many leaders from newly independent countries in Africa and Asia who accepted Soviet technical assistance. Senghor read many of the iconic socialist works but was already proposing an African version of socialism, which would become known as African socialism in the early 1950s. that point might have been. The commanding nature of doing things was disastrous. All countries that have not claimed to be socialist are excluded, even in cases where certain outside observers regarded those countries as socialist. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A non-MarxistLeninist socialist state since 1992. Socialist Countries 2022. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries Summary of Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries A cartel of oil-producing nations founded at Baghdad in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Capitalism is an economic system in which capital and the means of production are owned privately. Preamble: "The Constituent Assembly affirms the Portuguese people's decision to defend national independence, guarantee citizens' fundamental rights, establish the basic principles of democracy, ensure the primacy of a democratic state based on the rule of law and open up a path towards a socialist society, with respect for the will of the Portuguese people and with a view to the construction of a country that is freer, more just and more fraternal.". The least significant on our list of 15 socialist countries that have succeeded is Moldova. Many were sent to imprison, and some were executed. While these territories have created stable institutions of governance that have existed for a considerable period of time, they are not widely recognized as states by the international community and officially belong to other sovereign states under international law. Preamble (1963): "Faithful to the program adopted by the National Council of the Algerian Revolution in Tripoli, the democratic and popular Algerian Republic will direct its activities toward the construction of the country in accordance with the principles of socialism []". socialist running of the USSR also served as an inspiration for African countries, Arusha Declaration was the basis for a socialist state (Ujamaa), Kwame Nkrumahs Pan-Africanism of the 19, Is African Socialism an Alternative to N, Julius Nyerere: Africa's First Political, Kwame Nkrumah and Julius Nyerere: The Ta, How Che Guevara Inspired Africans, Parti, SA Rapper AKA Shot Dead In Durban Drive-, SA is a Dictatorship to Protect One Man, Are Electric Vehicles A Step in the Righ, Shock as Nigerian Pastor takes AK-47 to , South Africas State of Disaster and H, Top Rated Online Casinos in South Africa, Zimbabwe Elections 2023: Political Viole, Open a Corporate Bank Account in Nevis O, Stolen in 1916, the Sacred Ivorian Drum , Top 10 Most Dangerous Sports in the Worl. Ministers would demand a commission before issuing out import licenses. Socialism lost much of its appeal, and the Soviet Union . The most well-known example of African socialism was Julius Nyerere's radical policy of ujamaa, or villagization, in which he encouraged, and later forcedpeople to move to model villages so that they could participate in collective agriculture. Country. Preamble: "The Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic, socialist state based on the alliance of the working forces of the people". Chapter X, Article 176: "The All People's Congress established and in being immediately prior to the commencement of this Constitution shall continue in being thereafter and be deemed to be the One Party officially recognised in Sierra Leone". The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed its "political and economic independence" from the Soviet Union on 25 August 1991. The main aim was to secure commercial and trade links with African societies and protect those links from other European competitors. Angola is one of the few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa considered to be socialist. Section 1, Article 8: "The leading party in the society and the state is the. The dominance of socialism in global politics peaked in the mid-20th century, during the height of the Cold War. When Nkrumah was toppled from power, about 4 of the 64 enterprises were profitable. Russia: Just like China, Russia was a country strictly Socialist in nature. The Peoples Republic of China is the oldest existing socialist country in the world, with socialism being practiced since 1949. Second World. Preamble: "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens". Sadly, there is far too much. It is as alien to Africa as it is to the rest of the world. Despite the good ideals propounded by African socialism, that the whole society must own and control the means of production, the concept was an abysmal failure and led to widespread poverty. Send us your feedback. This list was actually much longer in years past, with nations such as Yugoslavia and the U.S.S.R. ruled by governments built around socialist and even communist principles. Abstract. Country declared MarxistLeninist in 1974, with the, Section 1, Article 1: "The German Democratic Republic is a socialist state of workers and peasants. The first is the seminal special issue "African Socialisms and Postsocialisms," edited by Anne Pitcher and Kelly Askew and published in Africa in 2006. 39 Since the crisis in the . Section 2, Article 9: "The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is advancing step by step from people's democracy to socialism by developing and transforming the national economy along socialist lines, transforming its backward economy into a socialist economy with modern industry and agriculture and an advanced science and technology". The country practices a strict version of the Marxism-Leninism socialism. Despite the belief that African socialism was rooted in the continents precolonial tradition, the approach was applied to societies that had been markedly transformed by the colonial experience in varied ways, making the implementation of a single doctrine problematic. On February 21st, the Chinese government released a comprehensive and authoritative Concept Paper on the Global Security Initiative (GSI), first proposed by President Xi Jinping at the annual Boao Forum in April 2022. Food prices were fixed at low levels. However, there are roughly half a dozen countries either governed by . The fall of the USSR in 1991 killed any form of socialism that had existed as an official government policy in African countries. Communist countries, such as China, North Korea, and Cuba, tend toward socialism, while Western European countries favor capitalist economies and try to chart a middle course. Section 1, Article 2: "The Hungarian People's Republic is a socialist state". Formerly a MarxistLeninist state, turned into a multi-party system. China still shares strong relations with other socialist countries and communist parties in former socialist countries. Meanwhile, the countries in the non-MarxistLeninist category represent a wide variety of different interpretations of the term socialism and in many cases the countries do not define what they mean by it. In the conference, Wang condemned the West's "zero-sum Cold War mentality.". Section 1, Article 2: "The socialist system in Yugoslavia is based on relations between people acting as free and equal producers and creators, whose work serves exclusively to satisfy their personal and common needs". Wherever Marxism/socialism has been practiced, it has meant slavery and death for the majority. Therefore, socialist countries are distinct from democratic countries where socialist parties have . The rhetoric of socialism was also falling out of favor, and populations pushed for multi-party states. Portugal is one of the most socialist countries in Europe, and consequently one of the poorest and corrupt as well. Ghana, for example, became a beacon for Pan-African unity and African socialism upon gaining its independence in 1957. All rights reserved. Socialist countries are classified into two categories: countries which belief in Marxism-Leninism ideologies and those which do not. ukasz Stanek's book Architecture in Global Socialism . It would help congregate Tanzania's rural population so that they could benefit from state services like education and healthcare. The Scramble for Africa in the 1880s to 1900 was motivated by these ideas. . Socialism provided both a justification and a strategy for managing the economy through state control of markets and distribution. After independence, several African countries embarked upon state controlled economic development policy, involving central planning and a large public sector. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Nyereres 1967 Arusha Declaration stressed ujamaa, self-reliance, and austerity as the key planks of African socialism. But the initiative proved politically unpopular and economically nonviable. In 16th . When people attempted to challenge these failures, they were met with brute force from the state. As African countries gained independence, anticolonial nationalism could no longer play the unifying and mobilizing role that it had in the early 1950s. . Africa's relationships with the USSR, China and Cuba, as well as with and Israel, were also discussed. There are multiple states with communist or socialist parties leading the government, sometimes together. Workers and peasants were intended to own and control the means of production. Non-Socialist Governments: Revolutionary Movements. Some of these nations, like the People's Republic of China, were (and still are) global players in their own right. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. However, unlike most proponents of African socialism, who gave primacy to rural development, Nkrumah stressed the large-scale development of energy resources as a means of rapid industrialization. Cuba has a history of participating in revolutionary movements in other nations, including Angola, which later became a socialist country. Are there socialist countries in Africa? In many cases, while a country may have become more democratic and/or capitalist and removed references to socialism/communism from their constitution, the ruling political party still operates based upon socialist/communist principles: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, Mepal, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Venezuela, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It was a middle ground between Western capitalism and Soviet communism (the latter which adopted socialism for the administration of the whole Soviet Union). Is the Pan-African theory of Kwame Nkrumah still i, Is this the long-awaited solution to neo-coloniali, Like a true African, his ideologies were centered , They both believed in Pan-Africanism, but allowed , The two men will never be forgotten by history. African socialism, socialist doctrines adopted by several African leaders at the close of French and British colonial rule during the 1950s and 60s. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi held a meeting with leaders from various African countries and the African Union on August 18. This includes nations that claim to be socialists or have constitutions that state that they are based on socialism, even if they do not rigidly follow the economic or political systems associated with socialism, because socialism is still the foundation of their political and economic policy. 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